Improvement in apparatus for burning hydrocarbons



I. KENDR'ICK.

*lmprovement in Apparatus for Burning Hydro-Carbons.

No. 123,109. PatentedJan.30,1872.

[Fig.5 I fl w. A

wagered m/4 m W perheated .or decomposed steam, as fuel and "faillumination.

. Fig. 3 is a plan of the burner. Figs. 4., 5, and

UNITED STATES PATENT QFFIQE.

ISAAC KENDRICK, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 123,109, dated January30, 1872.

' SPECIFICATION.

Specification describing certain Improvements in the Mode of BurningHydrocarbons as Fuel or for Illumination, invented by ISAAC KENDRIOK, ofthe city and county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, the saidinvention being an improvement on my patent of November 8, 1870, No.109,131.

The nature of my invention consists in the construction of the furnacefor vaporizing oils of creosote, shale, petroleum and its products, andburning the same, in combination with su- Figure 1 is a plan of myapparatus. Fig. 2 is a vertical section of Fig. 1 on the line no 3 6 aremodified forms of generator B.

A is the wall of the fire-box or furnace; or, in case of a locomotive,it is the inside plate of the fire-box. W is thedraught-cha1nber,nsually the ash-pit. M is the door of thedraughtchamber. 0 isthe fire-door. B is a doublewalled cylinder, of ironor other metal, the sides of which form an inverted cone in shape; or itmay be otherwise, as preferred. The ends of the cylinder between thewalls I) and b I close tightly, thereby forming a close chamber betweenthe two walls leaving the center open throughout. This cylinder B 1 termthe gas or vapor generator of hydrocarbons. It has four hollow lugs caston it, b by which it is supported upon a cylinder, D, of iron or othermetal or fire-brick placed around and outside of it, leaving such spacebetween the two as may be required for placing therein a coil of pipe,0. This cylinder D, when in position, is made to rest upon the top ofthe brick-work P, which forms the draught-chamber, (usually the ashpit.)When applied to locomotives or portable enginesit is supported on abed-plate or lugs at about the level usually occupied by the firebars.This cylinder D is for the purpose of directingand confining the flamefrom theburner E against the walls of cylinder B and up through andoverthe coil or rings 0. (l is a coil of iron pipe or other metal; or it maybe one or more hollow metal rings resting upon and opening into eachother. It rests upon pins or lugs d projecting from the bottom of thecylinder D. The coils are separated from each other and from thecylinder D by a small space which permits the flame to encircle therings of the coil. E, the burner, is a hollow ring or tube, of iron orother metal, with inserted nipples or drill-holes on its upper side, asshown plainly in Fig. 3, the same being caped or circled with resistingmetal to prevent expansion or closing by intense heat. This burner Iplace immediately below and in close proximity to cylinders B and Dandcoil G, and connect by a pipe with cylinder B. The inside row ofholes e, (see Fig. 3,) directs the jet of flame inside of cylinder B.The outside row directs the flameup the annular space and over the coilof pipebetween the retort B and cylinder D. S

is a pipe conveying steam from the boiler into the lower end of thecoilG. The steam is regulated by cook 70'. The decomposed steam leaves thecoil at the top by the pipe n, passing through the stop-cock n andthrough the hollow lug into the retort B. The pipe 1% leads from a tankand conveys the hydrocarbons into the retort B, the quantity beingregulated by the cock k It enters the passageway of the lug b at rightangles, so that the force of the current of the entering steam shalldrive in the hydrocarbon liquid with it, thus obviating the necessity ofa force-pump or an elevated supply-tank. There are various de vices atpresent in use for impelling air and water by the force of steam, whichmay be more efficient, and I do not confine myself to the exact deviceshown. The retort B has a dividing'plate, g, shown in dotted lines, sosituated asto cause the mixed steam and petroleum vapor to make theentire passage around the retort and out at the lug g by the pipe H tothe burner. The pipe H has a regulatingcock, h, and also a two-way cock,h. This latter one, It", is used for the purpose of blowing off anyresiduum which may collect in the cylinder B. It is not essential,although preferred,

that the cylinder B should be circular, as shown in Fig. 2. It may beoctagonal, hexagonal, polygon al, rectangular, or square in form, withor without the central opening, as in Figs. 4, 5,

and 6, the burner E, the coil 0, and cylinder D being made to conform inshape.

The object of my invention is of a twofold purpose, namely: To burnhydrocarbon liquids economically as fuel, as also to make at a low 7cost a permanent or fixed gas for illumination,

both of which I accomplish by the use of my apparatus, by preparing andburning with the gas or vapors of hydrocarbons superheated or decomposedsteam.

The difficulties heretofore experienced in the use of petroleum and itsproducts as a fuel or in making therefrom a permanent or fixed gas forillumination result from the excess of carbonor, rather, a deficiency ofhydrogen therein-and perfect combustion was unattainable; therefore, inorder to overcome this difficulty, it became absolutely necessary thatthis excess of carbon must be got rid of, (at a great loss,) or theequivalent of hydrogen (naturally deficient in the oil) necessary to aperfect combustion must be supplied from some other source. This I claimto do in a large and sufficient degree by the use of my coil or rings 0,which, being heated by the flame from burner E to avery hightemperature, (red heat,) decomposes thev steam passing through and setsfree its hydrogen, which I secure, mix, and combine, under intense heat,with the gas or vapors of the hydrocarbons in the retort B, and,together, use as fuel and for illumination.

The mode of working the apparatus is in this manner: A temporary fire isbuilt within the draught-chamber W to heat the cylinder B. Whensufiiciently heated to generate gas the cook 70 is opened for the oil orliquids to flow into chamber B from a reservoir. Steam is then admittedfrom the steam-space of a boiler through pipe S, regulated by cock 70into coil (J, where it is subjected to an intense heat and decomposed.From thence it passes through pipe 42 into the chamber of cylinder B,where it is mixed or combined with the gas or Vapors of the hydrocarbonsunder a high degree of temperature, and together pass around retort Band out at 9 through pipe H, to the burner.

When the apparatus is employed for making illuminating-gas it ispreferred to reverse the order and admit the steam and petroleum firstinto the retort B, where, under. intense heat, they are decomposed andcombined, and toe gether pass through the coil 0, and issue as a fixedgas to a burner or gas-holder. In this arrangement the flame from theburner E is made to pass up through the central opening of cylinder B,and also the annular space between the retort B and wall D around thecoil 0, and thence to the steam-boiler or other object for which heatmay he required, the same flame accomplishing all the purposes desired.

Steam, I am aware, has been used to a coninder B and coil 0 so that theflame is made i to bear upon and completely surround the said cylinderand coil, for the purposes herein described.

3. The combination and arrangement of the coil 0, the pipe n forconnecting the coil With the retort B, and the oil-inlet pipe R,operating as herein described.

4. I claim the dividing-plate g within the cylinder B, so as to compelthe combined steam and hydrocarbon to make the circuit of the cyl-.inder to the outlet 9 as herein described.

5. The gas-generator B, the cylinder D, and 3 coil 0 and burner E,combined and operating I in connection, as and for the purpose hereinset forth.

I. KENDRIOK.

Witnesses:

Enwn. BROWN, JOHN F. GRANT.

